I've cycled in London for six years now and have remained accident free. Here's my strategy and several tips for safe, pleasant city cycling:
Strategy: cycle like driver should drive
This doesn't mean cycling like a dick. Its a broad strategy that will keep you safe and help you claim your rights of the road. It breaks down into these tactics:
i. claim the lane you are cycling in
Cycle 3-5 feet away from the curb. In doing so you dominate the lane and force traffic behind you to overtake you sensibly. You are much less likely to get "squeezed" in doing this.
ii. be "in the flow" of the traffic
Be assertive and carve for yourself a place in the moving traffic queue. This communicates that you belong on the road, and I believe earns you greater respect from motorised traffic. It also gives you greater space and scope to react to trouble.
iii. be predictable Do not weave from lane to lane and do not overtake on the left had side, even if there is a cycle lane in place. Do not overtake on the right hand side if this pushes you into the lane taken up by on-coming traffic.
iv. Ignore cycle lanes Do not be fooled into thinking that cycle lanes on roads will offer you any protection of greater security. More often than not they are poorly designed, intermittent and can lead you into a false sense of security.
v. do not jump red lights under any circumstances
You may be tempted as everyone else seems to do it but those who do are just being dicks. They do not get to their destination quicker and they are not "safer". There is no excuse.
I believe following these five tactics are the basics for safe city cycling. They put you in control, force motorised traffic to acknowledge your existance and as a result encourage safer overtaking practices.
Tip 1: Anticipate trouble
This means keeping your head up and keeping in check of your situation. I've analysed my pattern of view whilst cycling and it boils down to
- looking forward for a second or two at the traffic in front
- scanning left and right for traffic emerging from roads, traffic lights, the state of the traffic beyond the car in front, and of course for pedestrians
- looking over my right shoulder at the traffic behind me
and repeating.
Scanning the road like this allows you to build up a fairly accurate model of the situation you are in. It allows you to anticipate problems and take action before they occur. This leads to a calm, smooth ride, rather than a reactive and unpredictbale one.
Tip 2: When overtaking parked cars on the left had side leave enough space for the driver's door to open
Imagine a parked car. Now imagine a parked car with the driver's door fully open. This adds at least 80cm to the width of the car. The space between the car and the tip of the door is the "door zone" and it's not where you want to be because hitting a car door at 15mph + is going to damage you, the car and your bike.
So when overtaking parked traffic leave enough space so that should the driver's door open it won't hit you. This will mean
claiming the lane - which you should be doing anyway.
Tip 3: Check your bike before you ride it
Having an accident because your brakes failed is an absolute disaster and utterly preventable. Check your bike before every ride, especially after you've locked it up in town. This means:
- checking all cables: brakes, gears,
- checking for adequate contact between the wheel rim and brake pads and the connection between the brake cable and the callipers and
- checking all removable parts such as quick release wheel and saddle bolts.
Tip 4: Be polite, civilised and keep your cool
Always be polite and courteous to pedestrians, even if it looks like they have done something stupid - they don't mean it, and they are just trying to get somewhere like you. Give way at zebra crossings.
Remember this isn't a war zone, it's just a bunch of people trying to get from a to b, and 90% of the time the law is rightfully on the pedestrians side, not yours.
Dealing with motorised traffic is slightly harder. If you get cut up or bullied by motorised traffic try to keep calm and carry on. You will catch them up at the next junction anyway, and a quick word with them may reveal how blissfully unaware they were of what they did. However most drivers are not willing to take your advice even though their interpretation of the highway code may be totally inaccurate. It’s often best to let it go, to save your sanity.
Summary
Save cycling in cities like London is combination of general safety strategies like cycling like a drive should drive, and specific cycling tactics like staying out of the door zone. Once you've got these right cycling becomes a more predictable and enjoyable experience, and doesn't feel like taking your life into your own hands each time you into the saddle.